what to do when a website has no author
No Author, Date, or Title in APA Style | Formats & Examples
Webpage citations in APA Style consist of five components: author, publication date, title, website proper noun, and URL.
Unfortunately, some of these components are sometimes missing. For case, there may be no author or publication appointment. This article explains how to handle different kinds and combinations of missing information.
| What's missing? | Solution |
|---|---|
| Nothing | – |
| No writer | Employ title in place of author. |
| No date | Use "due north.d." ("no date") in identify of date. |
| No title | Depict the source in brackets. |
| No author or date | Use title in identify of writer; use "north.d." in place of date. |
| No writer or title | Employ bracketed description in place of author. |
| No appointment or title | Utilize "n.d." in place of appointment; describe the source in brackets. |
| No author, appointment, or title | Use bracketed description in place of author; employ "n.d." in identify of date. |
Basic webpage citation format
You can explore the basic commendation format for a webpage using the instance generator beneath.
| Format | Page championship . (Year, Calendar month Day). Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| Reference list | APA citation guidelines. (2020, October 30). Scribbr. https://world wide web.scribbr.com/category/apa-manner/ |
| In-text citation | (APA Citation Guidelines, 2020) |
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No appointment
| Format | Last name, Initials. (n.d.). Page title . Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| Reference listing | Streefkerk, R. (n.d.). APA citation guidelines. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-mode/ |
| In-text commendation | (Streefkerk, northward.d.) |
No title
| Format | Last name, Initials. (Yr, Month Day). [Description of folio]. Website Proper noun. URL |
|---|---|
| Reference listing | Streefkerk, R. (2020, October 30). [Article about APA citations]. Scribbr. https://world wide web.scribbr.com/category/apa-fashion/ |
| In-text commendation | (Streefkerk, 2020) |
No author or appointment
| Format | Page title . (due north.d.). Website Proper name. URL |
|---|---|
| Reference list | APA commendation guidelines (n.d.). Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-way/ |
| In-text citation | (APA Citation Guidelines, n.d.) |
No author or championship
| Format | [Description of page]. (Twelvemonth, Month Day). Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| Reference list | [Article virtually APA citations]. (2020, October thirty). Scribbr. https://world wide web.scribbr.com/category/apa-manner/ |
| In-text commendation | ([Article almost APA citations], 2020) |
No date or title
| Format | Last name, initials. (n.d.). [Description of page]. Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| Reference list | Streefkerk, R. (n.d.). [Article about APA citations]. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/category/apa-mode/ |
| In-text commendation | (Streefkerk, n.d.) |
No writer, engagement, or title
| Format | [Description of page]. (n.d.). Website Name. URL |
|---|---|
| Reference list | [Commodity about APA citations]. (north.d.). Scribbr. https://world wide web.scribbr.com/category/apa-way/ |
| In-text citation | ([Article about APA citations], n.d.) |
Don't forget: Our APA Citation Generator can handle all of these exceptions for you automatically!
Try the APA Citation Generator
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